PCB Design ,Etching Process and Drilling

Assalamualaikum,

The progression of our project by this week is,we have completed design the PCB by using software which is DIPTRACE. Using this software can reduce our IC and jumper ,instead of that,we can create and design circuit which is can make a  size of original circuit to become small circuit than before. Diptrace is for creating schematic diagrams and printed circuit boards.

Using A Diptrace,the first thing we need to do is construct the schematic diagram and PCB Layout.To construct schematic diagram we need to use schematic diagram to make sure the connection is correct. After done the schematic diagram, then we may convert the circuit  into PCB by Diptrace software. By using the multisim for the first step is to make sure our connection is correct before we transfer to PCB by Diptrace software and troubleshoot it when it have an error an connection.

Below show of our pcb layout:

Both picture above show the connection of circuit which is view form top and bottom.By looking view from the bottom show the copper connection and components hole to solder.While view from the top layout shows the components symbols and positions.From that state,it will make our work easily to solder at PCB board.

After we design the PCB using Diptrace,then printed circuit on the paper of Transparency using a special printer.Next we need to go to Lab, we have to bring our printed circuit and PCB board.

One of technique that we want to produce our pcb circuit is by using Ultra Violet transfer.UV rays produced by UV Exposure tool that will transfer print circuits on a transparency layer to Presensitized PCB.

Presensitized PCB equipped with light protective layer. This protector should be opened before doing this process.Layer Transparency should be inserted above the light sensitive PCB Presensitized using transparent adhesive tape. The most important is ensure transparency layer attached position not reversed because this process using UV Acting Positive Transfer.

Before that we have to cut our pcb board according to Transparency paper above circuit size.

After done all the technique,we have to do etching

Below show the etching manually other using  machine.

Finally,wash the circuit with water,make sure all the line of connection clear if not use a permanent marker.

Next, we directly do drilling process to punch holes in the PCB to place components on the circuit legs.

 The size of the hole depends on the type of components used. Use the correct size drill bit depending on the size of the component legs.Please make sure do step by step  and observe safety precautions when using this equipment.

Next entry will show the  progression ,we will construct component and soldering to the pcb board.

Troubleshooting A Rotary Switch

Assalamualaikum,

In this week, finally we know how to make a connection of a rotary switch to our circuit.Based on our circuit ,no number of pin given on it,so we have ask our supervisor and other lecturer to find which one the common  and  pin to make connection to our circuit.Firstly,we have to find the common of the rotary switch by multimeter,than we measure every pin and turn the switch to know every value of that pin.The lowest value of ohm at pin its mean the lowest timer to set,the more value add up ,the more time is add up for another pin.For your information we have 6 time interval which is starting from 4 hours until 48 hours.So its mean the lowets value we measure at the pin its starting from 4 hours,to make sure it correct we also refer to datasheet  for more detail on this rotary switch.

Futhermore, we have combine switch 1A and switch 1B into one rotary switch,the connection is related to each other,switch 1B is depend to circuit of  switch 1A.All pin of switch 1A have combine together than connect to pin 5 in IC5 which is 4520.Then for switch 1B combine all the pin together.The movement of switch 1A will make the switch 1B also move and function well.There are two common for this rotary switch ,first common for the first switch and another common we connect to second switch,that how the switch can be connected together.The dash line in the picture above means like i said before just connect it by the common of our rotary switch.

Below is the connection we try to solve it and finally we have done it well.

After that, we make connection directly to our circuit but we not testing yet.The testing result will post another entry.

Below show picture on how we connect the switch 1A and switch 1B .

Explanantion:

The picture above show clearly how the connection of switch 1A and Switch 1B connected together.For switch 1A is the yellow jumper which have 4 jumper out,have 2 common and 2 jumper from all 6 time interval.While black jumper show the switch from 1B,they have 4 jumper which is come from pin 11,12,13 and 14 from ic 4520.

In addition we have,another addition circuit which is using alternative clock.This circuit is to back up if the watch crsytal have problem to produce 2Hz. This circuit directly produce 2Hz just add up transistor 9013 which can make time setting more faster than 4 hours.But we don't have try it,but we think it can be function well.

Alternative clock using IC 555 to produce 2Hz .This circuit we also put in our project if something wrong occur in our first circuit which is came from watch crystal we will using this circuit.By the way, an alternative clock generator circuit is provided, directly oscillating at 2Hz,thus avoiding the use of diver ICs. A CMos 7555 Timer IC generates a stable 2Hz square wave, whose frequency must be accurately set by means of two trimmers. R10 must be adjusted first for coarse tuning, then R11 for fine tuning. Setting precisely the 2Hz frequency of this oscillator is a rather difficult task, and can be done with great patience and the aid of a clock, a chronometer or, best, a digital frequency meter capable of measuring very low frequencies. In any case, after an accurate setup, this oscillator showed a very stable performance, not affected by battery voltage variations and an accuracy of about ±30 seconds per 24 hours interval.

Solve on Difficult part in Circuit

Discussion of how to produce and solving this part

Last week ,we have been problem on the same problem in this week.We research and troubleshoot about this part in our project.We have to check the output from pin 3 and pin 10 to produce 2hz. From that,we will know our project will be function well. Below shown picture of our critical part in our circuit.

Difficul part

The construction for IC1 which is 4060

Explanation of above picture:

Based on the pic above,for Ic 1 which is 4060,for every pin 1,2,3,7,5,4,6,14,13 and 15 their have their own symbol and have their own calculation.For our circuit,we need to produce 2hz with using pin 3 which is Q13 counter output 1638(timing diagram at negative edge clock).It means pin 3 is timer counting until 1638 (which is wave can see at datasheet) than output wil produce.Led will flashing late so we exchange the circuit into pin 7 which is Q3 count is 16,the led will flashing faster than the original circuit.

By the way for IC2 counter and IC3a 4 input And Gate are wired in order to divided by 3000 the 2hz clock,therefore a pulse every 30 minutes is available at the clock input of IC5.The division factor of IC is controlled by IC3B .

Below show the timing diagram:

Using the timing diagram ,we change the circuit to make a faster result .

For watch crytsal wil update next week

Note :

• wanting the utmost precision and if a digital frequency meter is available, a 50pF 50V Ceramic Trimmer Capacitor can be used in placeof C2.It must be adjusted in order to read exactly 32.768khz on the meter display with the input probe connected to pin9 of Ic1.

Construct And Testing Circuit

By this week ,we have done assemble and construct all the component on the breadboard.The hard process, we have problem on construct the switch which is using a rotary switch that have 2 pole and 6 ways.I and my partner have been research and find the datasheet and search how using this rotary switch.We also have been ask our supervisor and other lecturer about this problem.Then,we have try our best to construct on our breadboard.On the next day we enter lab to check our output,but we doesn't have any output being produce by our project.

We have to troubleshoot again because from the starting of circuit have problem which come from of our watch crystal 32.768 khz. Moreover,we want to test either the 2 khz from IC 1 which is 4060 that have 14 stage ripple counter will produce the 2khz or not.The result show that no output come from this ic. This problem is hard process for us to settle it down.It takes more time to troubleshoot and make some modification on this circuit.

Instead of that,we construct again in other breadboard to make sure our circuit  is successfully produce the output.We hope on the next week the result will be better than the result we get this week.


Below is our project which is  in construction of component on breadboard 

in constuction 

rotary switch 

Next week ,we will show our progression about our project.

Component Assemble

Assalamualaikum

For our progression in this week,we assembly all component to breadboard before we transfer to strip board.The construction of circuit are not done yet because of switch and addition of circuit on buzzer.Regarding to our problem to construct the switch and adding a circuit of buzzer,we have to discuss with our supervisor to settle of our problem.By the way,we need to improve our timing circuit because the result are running in slow, based on our original circuit,the time to set are starting from 4 hours, its difficult to see the result directly when to testing the circuit,so we need to discuss with our supervisor regarding this problem.Or else this project will hang in the middle line.

Below are a shown closely of our component:

We have 7( TIMER CIRCUIT)types of IC which are :

IC 4060

IC 4040

IC 4082

IC 4075

IC 4520

IC 4001

We have Led and Piezo sounder :

LED

Piezo Sounde

We have resistor and capacitor:

10 M 1/4 resistor

100K 1/4 resistor

10K 1/4 resistor

1K 1/4 resistor

 22pF 63V Ceramic Capacitors

22µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

100nF 63V Polyester Capacitors

1µF 63V Polyester

We have toggle switch and rotary switch

detail of toggle switch

Toggle switch

rotary switch

Detail of rotary switch

We have watch crystal 32.768Khz

We have 9v Battery

Tools that we use are long nose,cutter,jumper and breadboard included all component together.

All the component not so expensive,the IC are very cheap and easy to get at Jalan Pasar,Our project is simple and no programming to use in this project.This project more to setting of timningto take medicine

Next post ,we will show the progression of our construction on breadboard and the result.

Buy & Search Component at Jalan Pasar

Last week,we are heading to Jalan Pasar to buy and search component,actually this is our second time heading there,for the first time heading there on 4/7/2012 .In this second trip, we search and buy component that we booked and missing component before.In addition,from our calculation,our costing for our component and tools is around RM 150 not including the housing.Moreover,all our component are available at Jalan Pasar and easy to get, no need to booking from oversea or any places.We are heading to 3 common shop which are R.E.SPARES.SDN.BHD, NASAMAS ELECTRONICS SDN. BHD and MELECTRON SDN.BHD.

Below are shown some of picture at Jalan Pasar :

 In front of component's shop

Some of shops at Jalan Pasar

There are many component of our project that we bought at Jalan Pasar.Below are shown of all component of our project.

overall of our component

P/S: next entry will reveal on  function of  each components.

Scope & Limition Brailled Pill Organiser

Scope and Limition of our project

Basically this project -Brailled Pill Organiser is suitable to use by someone who has problem with the eyes which is blind people,we want to help them easy to take care of their schedule of medicine in their life.As we know,they had difficulty on their eye so we decided to create something to make  some of their activity life became easier.By setting the time with 6 time interval will make sure them to eat medicine on time by producing output using buzzer.

Scope of the project

1. A medium box with brailled code which is only number to set up the timer.
2. Using power supply of battery which is 9V.
3. The output can is shown by buzzer or led.

Limition of project

1. Only have 6 time intervals starting with 4 hours until 48 hours
2. using battery not more than 9V and cannot be charge.
3. Provide a Reset to make a new setting time.

Conclusion:

By this way blind people can use and bring it anytime for make sure them remember their schedule of taking medicine with buzzer sound.The buzzer sound will help them the time that set for eating medicine is on that time.Even cant see,the brailled code that we put in this project will help them to know to setting the time and to reset the time properly.

This project is more to timer by using many ic that related to timer,we are not using any program or pic to build this project.This project is manually set up by the user of our project.

The limition of our project only can be set up by 6 time interval but doesnt have a day of a week.Its only shown the number of time to set up by brailled code.